Ian S. E. Carmichael and Hans P. Eugster, editors
1987, i-xiv + 499 pages. ISBN 0-939950-21-9; ISBN13 978-0-939950-21-8
Volume 17: Thermodynamic Modeling of Geologic Materials: Minerals, Fluids, and Melts
Description
When Van’t Hoff calculated the effect of solution composition on the gypsum-anhydrite transition a century ago, he solved a significant geochemical problem (Hardie, 1967). Other well known examples of the early use of chemical thermodynamics in geology are Bowen’s calculations of the plagioclase melting loop and the diopside-anorthite eutectic (Bowen, 1913, 1928). Except for a few specialists, however, these techniques were largely ignored by earth scientists during the first half of the 20th century. The situation changed dramatically by the 1950’s when more and better thermodynamic data on geologic materials became available, and when thermodynamic arguments of increasing sophistication began to permeate the petrologic and geochemical literature. This rejuvenation was spearheaded by D.S. Korzhinskii, H. Ramberg, J.B. Thompson, J. Verhoogen and others. Today a graduating petrologist or geochemist can be expected to have a thorough grounding in geological thermodynamics.
Rapid intellectual growth in a field brings with it the difficulty of keeping abreast of parallel and diverging specialties. In order to alleviate this problem, we asked a group of active researchers to contribute up-to-date summaries relating to their specialties in the thermodynamic modeling of geological materials, in particular minerals, fluids and melts. Whereas each of these topics could fill a book, by covering the whole range we hope to emphasize similarities as much as differences in the treatment of various materials. For instance, there are useful parallels to be noted between Margules parameters and Pitzer coefficients. The emphasis here is on modeling, after the required data have been collected, and the approach ranges form theoretical to empirical.
We deliberately imposed few restrictions on the authors. Some chose to interpret modeling in the rigorous thermodynamic sense, while others approached their topics from more general geochemical viewpoints. We hope that any lack of unity and balance is compensated for by a collection of lively and idiosyncratic essays in which students and professionals will find new ideas and helpful hints. If the selection appears tilted towards fluids, it is because other recent summaries have emphasized minerals and melts.
The editors and authors of this volume presented a short course, entitled “Thermodynamic Modeling of Geological Materials: Minerals, Fluids amd Melts,” October 22-25, 1987, at the Wickenburg Inn near Phoenix, Arizona.
References:
- Bowen, N.L. (1913) Melting phenomena of the plagioclase feldspars. Amer. J. Sci. 35, 577- 590.
- Bowen, N.L. (1928) The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 322 p.
- Hardie, L.A. (1967) The gypsum-anhydrite equilibrium at one atmosphere pressure. Amer. Mineral. 52, 171-200.
Ian S. E. Carmichael, Berkeley, California, USA
Hans P. Eugster Baltimore, Maryland, USA
August, 1987
Table of Contents
Title Page
p. i
Copyright
p. ii
Foreword & Preface
p. iii
Table of Contents
p. v
Chapter 1. Thermodynamic Analysis of Phase Equilibria in Simple Mineral Systems
by Robert C. Newton, p. 1 – 34
Chapter 2. Models of Crystalline solutions
by Alexandra Navrotsky, p. 35 – 70
Chapter 3. Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems Containing Several Solid Solutions
by Bernard J. Wood, p. 71 – 96
Chapter 4. Thermodynamic Model for Aqueous Solutions of Liquid-like Density
by Kenneth S. Pitzer, p. 97 – 142
Chapter 5. Models of Mineral Solubility in Concentrated Brines with Application to Field Observations
by John H. Weare, p. 143 – 176
Chapter 6. Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Species and the Solubilities of Minerals in Supercritical Electrolyte Solutions
by Dimitri A. Sverjensky, p. 177 – 210
Chapter 7. Igneous Fluids
by John R. Holloway, p. 211 – 234
Chapter 8. Ore Fluids: Magmatic to Supergene
by George H. Brimhall and David A. Crerar, p. 235 – 322
Chapter 9. Thermodynamic Models of Molecular Fluids at the Elevated Pressures and Temperatures of Crustal Metamorphism
by John M. Ferry and Lukas Baumgartner, p. 323 – 366
Chapter 10. Mineral Solubilities and Speciation in Supercritical Metamorphic Fluids
by Hans P. Eugster and Lukas Baumgartner, p. 367 – 404
Chapter 11. Development of Models for Multicomponent Melts: Analysis of Synthetic Systems
by Rober G. Berman and Thomas H. Brown, p. 405 – 442
Chapter 12. Modeling Magmatic Systems: Thermodynamic Relations
by Mark S. Ghiorso, p. 443 – 466
Chapter 13. Modeling Magmatic Systems: Petrologic Applications
by Mark S. Ghiorso and Ian S.E. Carmichael, p. 467 – 500